2013 | Manual Reference

Friday 27 December 2013

12V Battery Charger

This circuit is a high-performance charger for gelled-electrolyte lead-acid batteries. This charger quickly recharges the battery and shuts off at full charge. Initially, charging current is limited to 2 A. As the battery voltage rises, current to the battery decreases, and when the current has decreased to 150 mA, the charger switches to a lower float voltage, which prevents overcharge.

Circuit diagram :

12V Battery Charger-Circuit Diagram

12V Battery Charger Circuit Diagram

When the start switch is pushed, the output of the charger goes to 14.5 V. As the battery approaches full charge, the charging current decreases and the output voltage is reduced from 14.5 V to about 12.5 V, terminating the charging. Transistor Q 1 then lights the LED as a visual indication of full charge.

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Wednesday 25 December 2013

The factory will go through the certification of cell phone jammer

The factory will go through the certification of cell phone jammer .
At present, domestic annual output has reached 400 million, approximately 50% of the global mobile phone production. China has become the worlds largest mobile phone production base. Each of the past three years, has a 500-700 model of about 100 million mobile phone to put the domestic market, is the worlds largest mobile phone consumer market. With the increasingly fierce market competition, but also exposed some problems, such as the decline in product quality and after-sales service is not in place. One of the most prominent is the increasingly rampant smuggling, counterfeit, assembled and refurbished mobile phone violations of these products or impurities, seq charge superior, not only seriously disturbed the normal mobile phone market order, resulting in the loss of state tax revenue, and serious damage to the legitimate interests of legitimate manufacturers and consumers. The subfactory has gotten the certificate of cell phone jammer .
The country has developed a number of policies and regulations. The mobile phone market order rectification program in four measures: elimination of the underground factories of the illegal production of mobile telephones. Clean up all kinds of illegal counterfeit, assembled and refurbished, the smuggling of mobile phone products. Strengthen the supervision of product quality and after-sales service, strict mobile phone into the gateway, and conduct quality supervision and inspection and testing, manufacture and sale of substandard quality of mobile telephone conduct punishable by law. Found in the market to check suspected criminal clues, the administrative law enforcement departments and industry management department should be transferred to public security organs shall be investigated and dealt with. More research is needed for this type of cell phone jammer .This kind of mini portable cell phone jammer is very popular in the domestic market
Serious harm, vile and criminal cases and violent resistance to law in the public security organs will be held criminally responsible. In order to ensure the effective implementation of these measures, the Ministry will depend on the specific circumstances of the composition of inspection teams in conjunction with relevant departments, the problem is more serious in-depth areas of supervision and inspection, to realistically grasp the special rectification. The breakdown of the mobile phone industry. Most Chinese enterprises are SMEs, and among the worlds top 500 very low probability. Warlords disputes under the intensified market competition. Market environment is not continuous, controlled, sustained and varied, complex and changeable enables marketers must be pragmatic and efficient operation. Many experts of cell phone jammer devote much spare time to improve the quality of cell phone jammer .

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Monday 23 December 2013

11 W Stereo or 22 W Mono Power Amp

Integrated AF power amps have seen great improvements in recent years offering improved power and easier use. The TDA1519C from Philips contains two power amplifiers providing 11 W per channel stereo or 22 W mono when the two channels are connected in a bridge conﬁguration. The special in-line SIL9P package outline allows the chip to be conveniently bolted to a suitable heatsink. The TDA1519CSP is the SMD version, in this case the heat sink is mounted over, and in contact with, the top surface of the chip.

11W Stereo Amplifier Circuit Diagram

11W Stereo Power Amp Circuit Diagram01

The operating voltage of this device is from +6V to +17.5V. The two channels of the amplifier are different in that one channel, between pins 1 and 4, is a non-inverting amplifier, while the other between pins 9 and 6 is an inverting amplifier. It is therefore necessary in stereo operation, to wire the speakers so that one of them has its polarity reversed. Each amplifier has an input impedance of 60kΩ and a voltage gain of 40dB, i.e. 100 times. When both amplifier are used in a bridge conﬁguration, the inputs are in parallel so that the input impedance will be 30kΩ.

22W Stereo Amplifier Circuit Diagram

22W Stereo Amplifier Circuit Diagram

A combined mute/standby function is provided on pin 8. In its simplest form this can be connected to the positive rail via a switch. When the switch is open the amplifier will be in standby mode and current consumption is less than 100µA. When the switch is closed, the amplifier will be operational. A circuit is also shown that uses the mute input to prevent the annoying switch-on plop heard when power amps are ﬁrst switched on This is caused by the rush of current to charge capacitors C1 and C2.

Mute/Standby Switch Circuit Diagram

Mute Standby Switch Circuit Diagram

The circuit shown generates a ramp voltage, which is applied to pin 8. At switch on, as the voltage rises from 3.3 V to 6.4 V, the amplifier will switch out of standby mode and into mute mode allowing C1 and C2 to charge. Only when the ramp voltage on pin 8 reaches 8.5V will the amplifier switch into active mode. Protection built into the TDA1519C would seem to make it almost foolproof. The two outputs can be shorted to either of the supply rails and to each other. A thermal shutdown will prevent overloading and the power supply input is protected against accidental reversal of the supply leads up to 6V.

Source: http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2011/07/11-w-stereo-or-22-w-mono-power-amp.html

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Saturday 21 December 2013

cell phone jammer is widely used in industries and locations

Introduction (a) BH-201 series of mobile phone jammer is the company adopts foreign advanced technology, combined with the actual situation of the mobile communication of well-developed high-tech products, it can in the diameter of 25-100 meters within the cut off GSM / CDMA / AMPS / DCS / PHS mobile phone signal, and answer the phone can not play, but does not interfere with other electronic equipment, cell phones cut off to leave the range, you can resume normal use. And the human body without any damage. Therefore, the product can be installed in gas stations, oil depots, gas stations and other flammable places; forces, public security and government agencies to ban cell phone and some other places; hospitals, conference rooms, concert halls, cinemas, schools, library, examination room, and churches need to prevent cell phone interference, quiet place. Currently, cell phone jammer is widely used in industries and locations.(B) the advantages of a companys products. Appearance grade: aluminum shell, the surface color pattern can be determined based on customer preferences; 2 reliable performance: the use of foreign software and chip technology, templates. 3 at the most affordable price: The company adopts advanced management mode, sought to reduce production costs, thereby reducing the cost of customers; 4 easy to install: just 1.8 from the ground can be nailed to 2.0 meters (mounting screws has distribution); 5 . lowest power: because it is the only designated State Secrecy Bureau research companies, to consider all aspects in the design of more mature, as not affecting the normal radio communication network, especially in hard materials, the power control in the Ministry of Information Industry, the following requirements of the 1W (0.9W), to achieve the lowest in South Asia; 6 service: three months, shifting, one year warranty, three-year maintenance-free (the cost of materials discretion); (c) the types of certificates 1. military information security products Certificate (Jun 0413 secret literate No.) 2. Ministry of Public Security and Police Electronic Product Quality Testing Center certificate of inspection reports (No. 030 265 No. of public prosecution in Beijing) 3 National Quality Supervision, Inspection and explosion-proof electrical center of explosion-proof certificate (CNEx03.753) For the normal minor and mid-sized meeting room, it is easier to select the position of cell phone jammer and the needed position is less. 4, the State Secrecy Bureau emission of electromagnetic leakage protection products testing center certificate (TTCSSA2005YM23) (d) of Product 1, Product BH-201B (intelligent ultra-thin) BH-201B (intelligent ultra-thin) BH intelligent ultra-thin -201B phone signal blockers interfere with ultra-high bandwidth technology, intelligent remote control switch. Four-channel can be independently adjusted shielding range, interference radius, effective segmentation, only the downlink interference will not cause interference to the base station.For the meeting room whose area is about 100-300 square meters, 1-2 small power cell phone jammerinstalled inside are enough to shield the whole meeting room. Imported components, soft-start circuit design to produce the ignition switch to prevent the phenomenon of mechanical work and good stability.

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Thursday 19 December 2013

Super Digital Combination lock Circuit Diagram

The circuit above above makes use of the CMOS 4017 decade counter IC. Each depression of a switch steps the output through 0– 9. By coupling the output via an AND gate to the next IC, apredefined code has to be input to create the output. Each PBSswitch is debounced by tw1o gates of a CMOS4001 quad 2-input NORgate. This ensures a clean pulse to the input of each CMOS4017 counter. Only when the correct number of presses at PBS Awill allow PBS B to become active. This is similar for PBS C andPBS D. At IC4, PBS D must be pressed 7 times. Then PBS C is againpressed 7 times, stepping from output 1 to output 8. The ANDgate formed around CMOS4081 then goes high, lighting the LED. TheReset switch can be pressed at any time. Power on resetis provided by the 100n capacitor near the reset switch. Below isa picture of one that I made about 15 years ago:

Super Digital Combination lock Circuit Diagram

Unfortunately, this board was part of a much larger project containing multiple power supplies. One day whilst working on another circuit , I slipped with a wire and splashed 24volts DConto this board. There was a small spark, and puff of smoke before all this chips were cooked! If anyone does consider building such a circuit, then my advice would be to stop and lookin your local electronic parts catalogue. There are now dedicated combination lock IC`s with combinations many time sgreater than this circuit. Incidentally the number of combinations offered here is 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 9 = 90,000.Check out Dean White`s Electronic Gadgets, on the Electronic Sites Alliance web ring, he also has a combination lock circuit.

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Tuesday 17 December 2013

4 20mA Current Loop Tester

This design will interest technicians who work on pneumatically operated valves and other 4-20mA current loop controlled devices. Although 4-20mA signal injector/calibrators are available, this one is both cheap to build and easy to operate. When first powered up, the circuit sinks 4mA of current. If switch S1 is pressed, the current level slowly ramps up to 20mA, pauses and then ramps back to 4mA.

This cycle will continue unless the switch is pressed again, whereby the output will lock to its current level. A further push of the switch resumes the prior cyclic operation. Output2 from the micro (IC1) is programmed to generate a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal to drive the current sink transistor (Q1).

Circuit diagram:

4-20mA Current Loop Tester circuit schematic

4-20mA Current Loop Tester Circuit Diagram

The digital PWM signal is converted to an analog voltage using a low-pass filter formed by the 1kω series resistor and a 4.7μF tantalum capacitor. By varying the PWM duty cycle and therefore the DC signal level out of the filter, the program can indirectly vary the current flow through the transistor. A 100 resistor in series with the emitter of Q1 converts the loop current to a small voltage, which is fed into the micro on input1.

The program uses this feedback signal to zero in on the desired current level with the aid of the micros analog-to-digital converter. Details of this can be seen in the accompanying program listing. If the PICAXE senses an open circuit, it shuts down the output and goes into an alarm state, to alert the operator and protect the circuit under test. The switch can be pressed to reset operations to the start once the open circuit has been rectified.

The LED flashes a code for various milestones, as follows: one flash at 4m and one flash to confirm a switch press two flashes at 12m when ramping up (for the first 5 cycles); three flashes at 20m and continued fast flash sequence for open-circuit alarm. For portable use, the circuit can be powered from two 9V batteries, whereas for bench testing, a 12V DC plugpack will suffice.

Author: Allan Doust - Copyright: Silicon Chip Electronics

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Tuesday 8 October 2013

Electronic Fuse for DC Short Circuit Protection

This is an electronic fuse that protects the load against short circuit.

Project Description

Relays must be chosen with a voltage value equals to the input voltage. Don’t omit using the 100uF capacitor with appropriate voltage value with respect to the input voltage. If you can’t provide, you can use C106 instead of BRX46.

Circuit Project: Electronic Fuse for DC Short Circuit Protection by BRX46

You can adjust the current with using 10K potentiometer. If you will use the fuse with very high currents, lower the 0R6 5W resistor value (ex. 0R47, 0R33, 0R22 or 0R1). Watt value of the resistor should be increased also.

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Sunday 6 October 2013

Simple Darkness Activated Alarm

Most darkness activated alarms employ opamps and some logic ICs. Here, a less expensive approach is shown based on the eternal 555, this time in monostable multivibrator mode. Components R2 and C1 represent a one-second network. When the LDR (light dependent resistor) is in the dark, its resistance is high, pulling pin 2 of the 555 to ground. This triggers the monostable and the (active!) 6-volt piezo buzzer will sound. Preset P1 is adjusted depending on ambient light levels. The circuit may be fitted on a wall in your home. Assuming P1 has been set for the existing ambient light level, the shadow cast by anybody entering the room or hallway will trigger the alarm.

Simple Darkness Activated Alarm circuit schematic

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Friday 4 October 2013

Fuse Box BMW Z4 Coupe Under The Right Side 2007 Diagram

Fuse Box BMW Z4 Coupe Under The Right Side 2007 Diagram - Here are new post for Fuse Box BMW Z4 Coupe Under The Right Side 2007 Diagram.

Fuse Box BMW Z4 Coupe Under The Right Side 2007 Diagram

Fuse Box BMW Z4 Coupe Under The Right Side 2007 Diagram

Fuse Panel Layout Diagram Parts: low beam headlight, brake light, side light interior indicator, airbag, cd player, central locking system, cigar lighter, interior and luggage, comp lights, lighting circuit.

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Wednesday 2 October 2013

30mA LED Dimmer

If you’ve ever tried dimming a LED with a simple potentiometer, you know that the approach does not work very well. Just as with ordinary diodes, the voltage-current characteristic of LEDs is far from linear. The result - depending on the potentiometer setting the LED brightness will hardly change most of the time as the pot is turned and a sudden variation at the end. The best method to tackle this problem is to power the LED from a current source with zero to 100% adjustment range. The circuit shown here is an example. A low-current LED (D1) is used to generate a reference voltage that’s first buffered by one half of an LM358. The actual current source that powers the LED(s) is built around the second opamp in the chip.

30mA LED Dimmer circuit schematic

The potentiometer allows the output current to be adjusted, with R2 acting as a current sense, the resistor dropping the same voltage as the one obtained from the pot. Using Ohm’s law we find that the maximum current through R2 amounts to about 29 mA (I LED = 1.6 V / 56 Ω). If necessary, the current may be adapted to suit other LED types, for example, 20 mA is obtained with R2 = 82 Ω and 10 mA at R2 = 150 Ω. It is also possible to connect several LEDs in series. The total voltage available for the LEDs is determined by the voltage drop across series resistor and the opamp, and, of course, the supply voltage.

In this way, the highest number of LEDs may be found from ULED, total = Ubatt – 5.1 V. In principle, it is possible to increase the supply voltage to 30 V in order to connect even more LEDs in series. This does, however, call for the value of series resistor R1 to be increased to prevent overloading the low-current LED used in the voltage reference. If you intend to experiment with larger numbers of LEDs (say, in arrays) then the maximum loading of the opamps becomes an issue. The DIP version of the LM358 may dissipate up to 830 mW. The power, P, is calculated from P = Ubatt – 1.6 – ULED,total × I LED,max.

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Monday 30 September 2013

Novel White LED Torch

Although this design is reproduced directly from the manufacturer’s datasheets, its use in this application is rather novel. Originally intended for high-visibility LED bargraph readouts, here the LM3914 is used as the basis of a 10-step variable brightness current-regulated white LED torch! The circuit has only four components in the control and regulation circuit: R1, R2, VR1 and the LM3914. The circuit can be built directly on the pins of the LM3914 to produce a package not much bigger than the LM3914 itself. The LM3914 is set to operate in bargraph mode so that the LEDs light progressively as its input signal increases.

This signal comes from the wiper of VR1, which provides a variable voltage between 0V and the supply voltage to pin 5 of the LM3914. The internal resistor ladder network of the LM3914 has its low end (pin 4) connected to ground and the high end (pin 6) connected to the supply voltage via R2. The purpose of R2 is to give LED 10 a clear turn-on zone. Resistor R1 (620Ω) on pin 7 of IC1 sets the current through each LED to about 20mA. As VR1 is rotated from the 0V position (all LEDs off) to the supply voltage position (all LEDs on), the LEDs will progressively light. With all LEDs off, the circuit will draw about 5mA. With all LEDs illuminated, it will draw about 205mA and dissipate 307mW with a 4.5V supply.

Novel white LED torch circuit schematic

Editors note:

These are nominal figures only. Actual device dissipation will depend entirely on the input voltage and LED forward voltage. In use, we recommend that a resistor (R3) be inserted in series with the positive supply, chosen so that the LM3914’s dissipation is limited to about 500mW. Typically, this would be needed for supply voltages of 6V and higher. The inclusion of the resistor necessitates a 10μF decoupling capacitor across the supply rails.) By carefully selecting the LEDs, this torch can be as bright as 15,0000mCd while costing less than $20.

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Saturday 28 September 2013

Switch Mode 555 Supply

This switch-mode power supply is built around a 555 timer IC. It provides a maximum output voltage of 40 V with a 12-V input voltage. The voltage can easily be set using a Zener diode, and it must be higher than the input voltage (the minimum output voltage is always 12 V). The NE555 is used in an unconventional way here. In the normal configuration, the output of the oscillator IC is low longer than it is high. With the configuration used here, the output can be high for a shorter time than it is low. The NE555 switches FET T1 on and off.When T1 is conducting, energy is stored in L1. When T1 stops conducting, this energy is transferred to C1 and C2 via Schottky diode D1, so the voltage on these capacitors rises.

The voltage is limited by Zener diode D2.If the voltage rises above the Zener voltage,the current through the Zener diode causes T3 to conduct. This reduces the voltage on pin 5 of the NE555, which in turn decreases the relative duration of the high level on pin 3. T1 thus conducts for a shorter interval, so less energy is stored in L1 and the output voltage is stabilised.Current limiting is provided by R6, R5 and T2. If the voltage across R6 is more than 0.6 V, T2 starts to conduct. This drives T3 into conduction, causing the voltage to decrease in order to limit the current.

C5 and R7 provide a soft-start effect.The value of R1 can range from 22 kΩ for an output voltage of 15 V to 10 kΩ for an output voltage of 40 V.For the sake of safety, limit the Zener voltage to a maximum of 40 V. T1 and T2 can be rated for a maximum of 50 V. The FET is not critical; you may already have one in your spare parts bin that can switch enough current. If the coil becomes warm,the core is too small or the wire is too thin.The Schottky diode is the only component that is actually critical. Do not use an ordinary diode, since it will become much to

hot. You’re bound to find a Schottky diode in an old computer power supply (just check for a forward voltage of 0.2 V on the diode range of your multimeter).The supply shown here can deliver approximately 200 W. The input supply voltage can range from 7 V to 15 V.Don’t forget that the maximum voltage the NE555 can handle is 15 V.Finally, this power supply is not short circuit proof. A slow-blow fuse on the 12-V side is recommended.

Author : Martijn Geel Copyright :elektor elector

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Thursday 26 September 2013

LED Noughts And Crosses

Here’s a twist to the age-old game of noughts and crosses. Instead of pen and paper, it uses nine 10mm tri-colour LEDs arranged in a 3 x 3 grid. One player has nine red buttons while the other player has nine green, set out in identical grids. The aim, of course, is to make three LEDs in a row glow the same colour – red or green! Pushing a red button causes the LED in the equivalent position on the grid to glow red in colour. Likewise, pushing a green button lights the equivalent green LED.

LED noughts & crosses circuit schematic

If a player pushes a button for a LED that is already glowing red or green, then that LED changes to yellow, exposing the false move! All the LEDs are then turned off, ready for the next game, by pressing the "Clear" button. For simplicity, the circuit shows only one tri-colour LED and a pair of opposing buttons. This circuit fragment must be repeated another eight times to create a complete 3 x 3 grid. A brief press on a button fires the associated SCR and turns on the LED. The common (cathode) lead of all LEDs is connected to the 0V rail via the normally-closed contacts of the "Clear" pushbutton (S3).

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Tuesday 24 September 2013

Optimised Semiconductor Noise Source

We have already published designs that use a transistor junction operating in Zener breakdown as a noise source. Anyone who has experimented with a reverse-biased transistor knows that the amplitude of the noise voltage generated in this manner is strongly dependent on the supply voltage. The variation between individual transistors is also rather large. An obvious solution is to use an adjustable supply voltage for the noise generator stage. A BC547B starts to break down at around 8V.

Circuit diagram :

Optimised Semiconductor Noise Source Circuit Diagram

Using P1 and R1, you can adjust the voltage across T1 and R2 between 8 and 12V. C3 decouples the reduced supply voltage. An impedance buffer in the form of T2 and R3 is added to the circuit, to prevent the connected load from affecting the noise source. This buffer is powered directly from the 12-V supply. To adjust this circuit, connect the output to an oscilloscope. Then adjust P1 to obtain the highest signal amplitude, combined with the best ‘shape’ of the noise signal. The output voltage is approximately 300mVpp, and the current consumption is around 2mA.

Source : www.extremecircuits.net

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Sunday 22 September 2013

12 Volt DC Fluorescent Lamp Driver

A number of people have been unable to find the transformer needed for the Black Light project, so I looked around to see if I could find a fluorescent lamp driver that does not require any special components. I finally found one in Electronics Now. Here it is. It uses a normal 120 to 6V stepdown transformer in reverse to step 12V to about 350V to drive a lamp without the need to warm the filaments.

12 Volt DC Fluorescent Lamp Driver circuit diagram

Parts:

C1 100uf 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C2,C3 0.01uf 25V Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C4 0.01uf 1KV Ceramic Disc Capacitor
R1 1K 1/4W Resistor
R2 2.7K 1/4W Resistor
Q1 IRF510 MOSFET
U1 TLC555 Timer IC
T1 6V 300mA Transformer
LAMP 4W Fluorescent Lamp
MISC Board, Wire, Heatsink For Q1

Notes:

Q1 must be installed on a heat sink.
A 240V to 10V transformer will work better then the one in the parts list. The problem is that they are hard to find.
This circuit can give a nasty (but not too dangerous) shock. Be careful around the output leads.

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Friday 20 September 2013

1995 KLR650 Dual Sport Motocross Wiring Diagram


1995 KLR650 Dual Sport Motocross Wiring Diagram

The Part of 1995 KLR650 Dual Sport Motocross Wiring Diagram: instrument cluster, ignition switch,
right front turn signal, front brake light switch, starter button, engine stop switch, water temperature sender, meter light, high beam indicator light, neutral indicator light, fan switch, cooling fan, voltage regulator rectifier, turn signal relay, brake tail light, license light, starter circuit relay, battery, chassis ground, starter relay, CDI, neutral switch, magneto, headlight switch, dimmer switch, turn signal switch, horn button, stand switch, ignition pick up coil, chassis ground, horn, headlight, turn signal.

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Tuesday 10 September 2013

An LCD Clock Kit Suitable for Beginners with Open Source Arduino Firmware

Simpleclock is an easy to assemble attractive 4-digit 7-segment LED display clock with temperature and alarm function. It is available in three display colors: Red, Blue and White. It comes as a kit of through-the-hole parts and can be soldered by any person with basic soldering experience. An attractive acrylic stand is included.

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Wednesday 12 June 2013

VHF UHF Low Noise booster circuit

VHF UHF Low-Noise amplifiers circuit can be designed using the MAX2664 and MAX2665 ultra-compact LNAs for VHF UHF applications.These devices incorporate a broadband LNA with an integrated bypass switch. The MAX2664 covers the UHF frequency range from 470MHz to 860MHz, and the MAX2665 covers the VHF frequency range from 75MHz to 230MHz. Each device has a zero-power bypass mode for improved high-signal-level handling conditions.Both ICs has a high gain around 15dB and require a single power supply , that can provide an output voltage between 2.4 to 3.5 volts .VHF UHF Low-Noise amplifiers has a very low current consumption of 3.3 mA and can be used in applications like : Smartphones/Handsets , MP3 Players , Home Audio/Video and other portable navigation devices .

VHF UHF Low-Noise booster circuit

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Sunday 2 June 2013

Brake Control Future Reference Generic Wiring Diagram

Wire Diagram Trailer on Terminal Number Function 7 Core Wire Colour 1 Indicator Left Yellow 2

Terminal Number Function 7 Core Wire Colour 1 Indicator Left Yellow 2.

Wire Diagram Trailer on Jeep Grand Cherokee Radio Adaptor Wiring Harness Circuit Schematic

Wire Diagram Trailer on Jeep Grand Cherokee Radio Adaptor Wiring Harness Circuit Schematic

Jeep Grand Cherokee Radio Adaptor Wiring Harness Circuit Schematic.

Wire Diagram Trailer on Trailer Wiring Testers 1 Jpg

Wire Diagram Trailer on Trailer Wiring Testers 1 Jpg

Trailer Wiring Testers 1 Jpg.

Wire Diagram Trailer on With The Brake Control For Future Reference Generic Wiring Diagram

Wire Diagram Trailer on With The Brake Control For Future Reference Generic Wiring Diagram

With The Brake Control For Future Reference Generic Wiring Diagram.

Wire Diagram Trailer on Provided 2 Extra Connections Compared To A Standard 4 Wire

Wire Diagram Trailer on Provided 2 Extra Connections Compared To A Standard 4 Wire

Provided 2 Extra Connections Compared To A Standard 4 Wire.

Wire Diagram Trailer on Way 7 Pole Rv Travel Trailer Connector Wiring Color Code

Wire Diagram Trailer on Way 7 Pole Rv Travel Trailer Connector Wiring Color Code

Way 7 Pole Rv Travel Trailer Connector Wiring Color Code.

Wire Diagram Trailer on Trailer Wiring Electrical Connections Are Used On Car Boat And

Wire Diagram Trailer on Trailer Wiring Electrical Connections Are Used On Car Boat And

Trailer Wiring Electrical Connections Are Used On Car Boat And.

Wire Diagram Trailer on Trailer Wiring Diagrams Pinouts

Wire Diagram Trailer on Trailer Wiring Diagrams Pinouts

Trailer Wiring Diagrams Pinouts.

Wire Diagram Trailer on There Here Is The Wiring Diagram For The Trailer Wiring For Your Truck

Wire Diagram Trailer on There Here Is The Wiring Diagram For The Trailer Wiring For Your Truck

There Here Is The Wiring Diagram For The Trailer Wiring For Your Truck.

Wire Diagram Trailer on 79088 Trailer Lights Wiring Harness Trailer Wiring Bmp

Wire Diagram Trailer on 79088 Trailer Lights Wiring Harness Trailer Wiring Bmp

79088 Trailer Lights Wiring Harness Trailer Wiring Bmp.

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Friday 31 May 2013

Installtrailer Light Taillight Converter Towing

Trailer Wiring Harness on Cassette Cd And 6 Speakers Audio System Wiring Circuit Schematic

Cassette Cd And 6 Speakers Audio System Wiring Circuit Schematic.

Trailer Wiring Harness on Here Is The Wiring Diagram For The Trailer Lights

Trailer Wiring Harness on Here Is The Wiring Diagram For The Trailer Lights

Here Is The Wiring Diagram For The Trailer Lights.

Trailer Wiring Harness on Jeep Grand Cherokee Radio Adaptor Wiring Harness Circuit Schematic

Trailer Wiring Harness on Jeep Grand Cherokee Radio Adaptor Wiring Harness Circuit Schematic

Jeep Grand Cherokee Radio Adaptor Wiring Harness Circuit Schematic.

Trailer Wiring Harness on Pin Hd Trailer Wiring Diagram Truck Side Ford Truck Enthusiasts

Trailer Wiring Harness on Pin Hd Trailer Wiring Diagram Truck Side Ford Truck Enthusiasts

Pin Hd Trailer Wiring Diagram Truck Side Ford Truck Enthusiasts.

Trailer Wiring Harness on 250 And 525 Sx Mxc Exc Electrical System And Wiring Diagram Here

Trailer Wiring Harness on 250 And 525 Sx Mxc Exc Electrical System And Wiring Diagram Here

250 And 525 Sx Mxc Exc Electrical System And Wiring Diagram Here.

Trailer Wiring Harness on Honda Pilot Wiring Harness And Wiring Color Code Circuit Schematic

Trailer Wiring Harness on Honda Pilot Wiring Harness And Wiring Color Code Circuit Schematic

Honda Pilot Wiring Harness And Wiring Color Code Circuit Schematic.

Trailer Wiring Harness on Gm Trailer Wiring Harness Gm Trailer Wiring Harness Manufacturers In

Trailer Wiring Harness on Gm Trailer Wiring Harness Gm Trailer Wiring Harness Manufacturers In

Gm Trailer Wiring Harness Gm Trailer Wiring Harness Manufacturers In.

Trailer Wiring Harness on How To Install A Trailer Light Taillight Converter In Your Towing

Trailer Wiring Harness on How To Install A Trailer Light Taillight Converter In Your Towing

How To Install A Trailer Light Taillight Converter In Your Towing.

Trailer Wiring Harness on 20 Wishbone Flat 4 Trailer Wiring Harness 108820

Trailer Wiring Harness on 20 Wishbone Flat 4 Trailer Wiring Harness 108820

20 Wishbone Flat 4 Trailer Wiring Harness 108820.

Trailer Wiring Harness on Toyota Automatic Transmission A340e Shift Lock System Wiring Diagram

Trailer Wiring Harness on Toyota Automatic Transmission A340e Shift Lock System Wiring Diagram

Toyota Automatic Transmission A340e Shift Lock System Wiring Diagram.

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Friday 17 May 2013

Stereo Amplifier Circuit with BA5406

Stereo Amplifier Circuit with BA5406

Stereo Amplifier Circuit with BA5406

In the this circuit diagram, BA5406 is configured to deliver 5 x 2 watts at 4 ohm speakers to a supply voltage of 9 volts. The capacitor C3 is a power supply filter capacitor. C11 and C12 are decoupling capacitors DC input for the left and right. C3 and R2 form a Zobel network to output the left, while C6 and R3 is the same for the right channel.

Zobel network purpose is to reduce vibrations and improve the high frequency stability of the amplifier. Potentiometers R5 and R6 serves as a volume control for left and right channels. C8 pair CapacitorsC4 and the amplifier outputs to the speakers. C9 and C10 are the noise filtering capacitors. C1 and C5 are starting capacitors for left and right channels.

Notes.

BA5406 requires a proper heat sink.
Supply voltage range is 5 to 15V DC.
I used 9V DC for powering the amplifier.
The power supply must be well regulated and filtered

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Sunday 5 May 2013

The Audio Video Distribution Amplifier

With the amount of equipment in home entertainment centers today the need to be able to vary the gain of the audio or video signal is needed. I found this particular circuit helpful when used in conjunction with the Universal Descrambler and a Stabilizer circuit I built for making copies of video tapes. It not only allowed me the ability to fine tune the video strength it also helped me increase the recorded audio which typically becomes poor when making tape copies. Circuit operation is straight forward for amplifier circuits. The second channel for the audio amplifier is made up of the same components except the other half of IC1 is used. Pin 6 & 5 are inputs and 7 is the output.

Circuit Diagram

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Tuesday 30 April 2013

Low Cost Step Down Converter With Wide Input Voltage Range

The circuit described here is mostly aimed at development engineers who are looking for an economical step-down converter which offers a wide input voltage range. As a rule this type of circuit employs a step-down converter with integrated switching element. However, by using a more discrete solution it is possible to reduce the total cost of the step-down converter, especially when manufacturing in quantity. The TL5001A is a low-cost PWM controller which is ideal for this project. The input voltage range for the step-down converter described here is from 8 V to 30 V, with an output voltage of 5 V and a maximum output current of 1.5 A.

When the input voltage is applied the PWM output of IC1 is enabled, taking one end of the voltage divider formed by R1 and R2 to ground potential. The current through the voltage divider will then be at most 25 mA: this value is obtained by dividing the maximum input voltage (30 V) minus the saturation voltage of the output driver (2 V) by the total resistance of the voltage divider (1.1 kΩ). T1 and T3 together form an NPN/PNP driver stage to charge the gate capacitance of P-channel MOSFET T2 as quickly as possible, and then, at the turn-off point, discharge it again.

The base-emitter junction of T3 goes into a conducting state when the PWM output is active and a voltage is dropped across R2. T3 will then also conduct from collector to emitter and the gate capacitance of T2 will be discharged down to about 800 mV. The P-channel MOSFET will then conduct from drain to source. If the open-collector output of the controller is deactivated, a negligibly small current flows through resistor R2 and the base of T1 will be raised to the input voltage level. The base-emitter junction of T1 will then conduct and the gate capacitance of T2 will be charged up to the input voltage level through the collector and emitter of T1.

The P-channel MOSFET will then no longer conduct from drain to source. This driver circuit constructed from discrete components is very fast, giving very quick switch-over times. Diodes D2 and D3 provide voltage limiting for the P-channel MOSFET, whose maximum gate-source voltage is 20 V. If the Zener voltage of diode D2 is exceeded it starts to conduct; when the forward voltage of diode D3 is also exceeded, the two diodes together clamp the gate-source voltage to approximately 19 V. The switching frequency is set at approximately 100 kHz, which gives a good compromise between efficiency and component size.

Finally, a few notes on component selection. All resistors are 1/16 W, 1 %. Apart from electrolytic C1 all the capacitors are ceramic types. For the two larger values (C2 and C5) the following are used:

C2 is a Murata type GRM21BR71C105KA01 ceramic capacitor, 1 µF, 16 V, X7R, 10 %;
C5 is a Murata type GRM32ER60J476ME20 ceramic capacitor, 47 µF, 6.3 V, X5R, 10 %. D1 (Fairchild type MBRS340T3) is a 40 V/3 A Schottky diode. Coil L1 is a Würth WE-PD power choke type 744771147, 47 µH, 2.21 A, 75 mΩ.
T1 (BC846) and T3 (BC856) are 60 V, 200 mA, 310 mW complementary bipolar transistors from Vishay. The TL5001AID (IC1) is a low-cost PWM controller with an open-collector output from Texas Instruments.

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Friday 12 April 2013

USB Powered PIC Programmer

This simple circuit can be used to program the PIC16F84 and similar "flash memory" type parts. It uses a cheap 555 timer IC to generate the programming voltage from a +5V rail, allowing the circuit to be powered from a computer’s USB port. The 555 timer (IC1) is configured as a free-running oscillator, with a frequency of about 6.5kHz. The output of the timer drives four 100nF capacitors and 1N4148 diodes wir-ed in a Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier configuration.

Circuit diagram:

USB-Powered PIC Programmer Circuit Diagram

The output of the multiplier is switched through to the MCLR/Vpp pin of the PIC during programming via a 4N28 optocoupler. Diodes ZD1 and D5 between the MCLR/Vpp pin and ground clamp the output of the multiplier to about 13.6V, ensuring that the maximum input voltage (Vihh) of the PIC is not exceeded. A 100kΩ resistor pulls the pin down to a valid logic low level (Vil) when the optocoupler is not conducting. The circuit is compatible with the popular "JDM" programmer, so can be used with supporting software such as "ICProg" (see http://www.ic-prog.com).

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Wednesday 10 April 2013

IR Remote Control Receiver

With many audio systems consisting of separate units, you’ll often ﬁnd that due to economic reasons only the amplifier has a remote control receiver module. The control signals are then sent to the other units using patch cables. The tuner and CD player, for example, won’t have a built-in receiver module. When the tuner from such a system is bought separately it can therefore not be used directly with a remote control, which is a big disadvantage in practice. The only way in which this can be accomplished is to connect an IR receiver to the input used by the patch cable. And that is exactly what this circuit is for. In practice it is not always clear which signal should be used and what its polarity should be.

IR Remote Control Receiver Circuit Diagram

IR Remote Control Receiver Circuit Diagram

However, it will most likely be a demodulated signal. For these reasons we’ve combined a standard IR receiver module and two inverters. The first inverter also functions as a buffer, since the output of the module has a high impedance. The output of the receiver module is active low, so the ﬁrst inverter outputs a non-inverting signal. The second inverter inverts this signal again. Jumper JP1 is used to select which of the signals is presented at the output. R2 protects the output from short circuits or possible over-loading of the electronics in the equipment it’s driving (for example when the input circuit uses 3 V logic).

R1/C1 suppress any possible supply spikes. Batteries are suitable for the power supply, because the circuit only takes about 1 mA. With a set of four rechargeable batteries with a capacity of 1800 mAh the circuit can function continuously for 2.5 months. Four NiMH cells and a charger are therefore perfect for the power supply. If you can be sure that the circuit will always be switched off when not in use, you could also use three ordinary alkaline batteries (AA cells). Because of their slightly larger capacity they will probably last for about half a year. When making your choice you should of course keep in mind that recharge-ables are better for the environment.

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Monday 8 April 2013

Stereo Gain Audio Trim Control Circuit

Stereo Gain Audio Trim Control Circuit

This circuit using the MAX5160L digital pot in a divider chain
supplying the MAX4252 op amp with some positive feedback in addition to
the usual negative feedback via the 100K and 50K resistors. The gain
of this circuit can be shown to be:

AV = (1-Kn)/(Kp-Kn)

where Kn is the negative feedback fraction, Kp the positive feedback
fractions (for the example in Figure 4, Kn = 100K/(100K 50K) or 2/3,
and Kp is variable).

When the MAX5160L wiper is positioned at the VREF terminal, the gain of
the circuit is -0.5V/V, as there is no positive feedback contribution.
When the wiper is at mid scale, Kp = 0.5, and the gain is now -2V/V.
Hence, by using those 17 positions between VREF and midscale the gain
can be varied over a ±6dB range. The 15 unused positions have been
traded off for repeatability, as the gain value does not depend upon
the digital pot resistance tolerance, as did the circuit of Figure 1.
The gain tolerance is now only limited by the ±1% 100K/50K resistors,
and the INL/DNL error of the MAX5160L (±4.6% max.).

An interesting point to note, the limit for stability in this circuit
is reached when Kp ≥ 2/3, when the positive feedback fraction meets or
exceeds the negative. The host processor controlling the MAX5160L
should therefore prevent this situation occurring.

The circuit in Figure 5 shows an obvious appraoch to a 'traditional'
style volume control using digital pots. All codes are valid, with
settings ranging from 0dB to full attenuation. Table 1 shows the
calculated attenuations based on the MAX5160L's 32 steps.

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Saturday 6 April 2013

Wiring Schematic and Schedule

From-To connector references are specified to form a point-to-point wiring list. Wiring schematics and schedules can then be generated automatically from the information included in the wire list and harness assembly drawing.

These schematic diagrams and schedules show the pin to pin wiring for all the connectors and wires in a harness design. The wiring details can be entered via HarnWare then the output can be drawn in Visio, the user has a choice to show the details as a Wiring Schematic or a Wiring Schedule (tabulated format).

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Thursday 4 April 2013

Electronic Component Temperature Sensor

Electronic Component Temperature Sensor

Electronic Component Temperature Sensor

Electronic Component Temperature Sensor

Electronic components that are used for temperature sensors, among others: NTC, PTC, Thermostat, IC LM35 temperature sensor, temperature sensor IC LM335 etc. To create a series of simple electronics of the temperature sensor of the basic components of the temperature sensor, the component needs to connect to the transistors or Op-Amp as driving to the end of the circuit.

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